Kelly's Manx Grammar: Chapter 20

[From Manx Soc vol 2, Kelly's Manx Grammar]

CHAPTER XX.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRONOUNS.

The pronoun relative is generally understood in Manks, as cheayll mee coraa nagh hoig mee, I heard a voice (that) I understood not; ayns y vriwnys t'ou er harey, in the judgment (which) thou hast commanded.

The pronouns possessive, aym's, mine, ayd's, thine, echey, his, and their plurals, are ever placed after their substantives; the articles y or yn being put before their substantives, as yn thie aym's, my house; yn cabbyl ayd's, thy horse; yn thie echey, ain, eu, eck, oc.

All the other possessive pronouns are placed before their respective substantives, the radical initial letter of their substantives being changed into its soft: as my ven, dty ven, e ven. Nyn, our, your, their, is always placed before its substantives, and before the verbs with which it is used in a reflective sense: as va shin er nyn livrey, we were (ourselves) delivered; va shiu er nyn livrey, ye were (yourselves) delivered. But as nyn changes the mutable consonants in a manner peculiar to itself, viz., into their liquids, I shall give it in all its variations:--

English Noun.	Manx Noun.	Nyn Noun.
Balley,	a town,	nyn malley.
Cashtal,	a castle,	nyn gashtal.
Cheer,	a country,	nyn jeer.
Dooghys,	nature,	nyn ghooghys.
Foays,	advantage,	nyn voays.
Giastyllys,	charity,	nyn ghiastyllys.
Jee,	God,	nyn Yee.
Kione,	a head,	nyn gione.
Pian,	a pain,	nyn bian.
Phreeney,	a pin,	nyn vreeney.
Quing,	a yoke,	nyn guing.
Toilchinys,	merit,	nyn doilchinys.

The vowels and liquids suffer no change.

Pronouns are compounded with prepositions, thus:--

Singular.	Plural.
Er, upon.--Orrym, upon me; ort, upon thee; er, upon him; and urree, upon her.	Orrirn, upon us; erriu, upon you; orroo, upon them.
Da, to.--Dou, to me; dhyt., to thee; da, to him; and dee, or jee, to her.	Dooin, to us; diu, to you; daue, to them.
Rish, to.--Rhym, to me; rhyt, to thee; rish, to him; ree, to her.	Rooin, to us; riu, to you; roo, to them.
Marish, with.--Marym, with me; mayrt, with thee; marish, with him.	Marin, with us; meriu, with you; maroo, with them.
Harrish, over.--Harrym, over me; harryd, over thee; harrish, over him; harree, over her.	Harrin, over us; harrystiu, over you; harrystoo, over them.
Voish, from.--Voym, from me; void, from thee; voish, from him; voee, from her.	Voin, from us; veue, from you; voue, from them.
Fo, under.--Foym, under me; foyd, under thee; fo, under him; foee, under her.	Foin, under us; feue, under you; foue, under them.
Liorish, by.--Liorym, by me; liort, by thee; liorish, by him; lioree, by her.	Liorin, by us; lieriu, by you; lioroo, by them.
Ayns, in.--Aynym, in me; aynyd, in thee; ayn, in him; aynjee, in her.	Aynin, in us; ayndiu, in you; ayndoo, in them.
Lesh, with.--Lhiam, with me; lhiat, with thee; lesh, with him.	Lhien, with us; lhiu, with you; lhieu, with them.
Roish, before--Roym, before me; royd, before thee; roish, before him; roee, before her.	Roin, before us; reue, before you; roue, before them.
Mastey, among.--Masteymee; mast'ayd; mast'echey; and mast'eck.	Mast'ain, among us; mast'eu, among you; mast'oc, among them.
Jeh, of.--Jee'm, of me; jeed, of thee; jeh, of him; and j'ee, of her.	J'in, of us; j'iu, of you; j'eu, of them.
Ass, out of.--Assym, out of me; assyd, out of thee; ass, out of him; assjee, out of her.	Ass shin, out of us; assdiu, out of you; assad, out of them.
Erskyn, above--Ermyskyn, above me; er dty skyn, above thee; er e skyn, above him.	Er-nyn skyn, above us, you, them.
Fegooish, without.--M'egooish, without me; dt'egooish, ny'gooish.

These pronouns are contracted thus:--Ym, from mee or my, I and my; yt, from dty, thy, and sometimes t is changed into d, as harryd, over thee, &c.; in, from shin, we; iu, from shiu, ye; oo, from roo, them.

The interrogative and its answer shall agree in case: as Quoi voish haink eh? from whom did he come? Voym's, from me.




Any comments, errors or omissions gratefully received The Editor HTML Transcription © F.Coakley , 2001